Crash Performance of Inward-Inverting Composite Tubes Filled with Foam: Experimentation and Simulation

This study presents a novel shock absorber with an inward-inverting composite foam-filled tube. Under the compression of pressing cap and action internal inversion cap, tube inverted inward. During crushing, fronds compacted foam, thereby enhancing energy absorption. Three types foams were applied to absorber, drop-weight impact test was performed obtain assessment parameters. The foam increased specific absorption (SEA) 103 kJ/kg. Finite-element simulation based on user-defined material subroutine for initial failure stable stages model identified through experimental data. mean crush force from agreed data, SEA maximum error <7%, thus validating proposed absorber. development damage modes plies analyzed results, showing good mechanism this